Qur'an CoreVocabulary

Demonstrative & Relative Pronouns

This, that, these, those — and who / which.

Near — this / these

Pointing at something close by. The plural is the same for both genders.

MasculineFeminine
Singularهَٰذَاthisهَٰذِهِthis
Dualهَٰذَٰنthese twoهَٰتَيْنthese two
Pluralهَٰٓؤُلَآءِtheseهَٰٓؤُلَآءِthese

Duals change with grammatical case: هَٰذَٰنِ / هَاتَانِ as the subject, هَٰذَيْنِ / هَٰتَيْنِ otherwise. The forms shown are those the Qur'an uses (هَٰذَٰن 20:63, هَٰتَيْن 28:27).

Far — that / those

Pointing at something further away; the same gender and number pattern.

MasculineFeminine
Singularذَٰلِكthatتِلْكَthat
Dualذَٰنِكthose twoتَانِكَthose two
Pluralأُولَٰٓئِكthoseأُولَٰٓئِكthose

تَانِكَ (far, feminine dual) completes the paradigm but never actually occurs in the Qur'an — it is shown so the table has no gap.

Relative pronouns — who / which

These introduce a clause describing a noun.

MasculineFeminine
Singularٱلَّذِىhe who / whichٱلَّتِىshe who / which
Pluralٱلَّذِينَthose whoٱلَّٰٓـِٔىthose who (f.)

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